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Therefore Symbol (∴)

The therefore sign (∴) is three dots in a triangle, maths and logic shorthand for 'therefore' or 'consequently': it ends a chain of reasoning with a flourish.

∴

Therefore · U+2234 · Math Symbols

Click the symbol or the button to copy it, then paste it anywhere — documents, messages, bios and code.

Therefore Symbol codes

Code	Value
Unicode code point	`U+2234`
Unicode name	`Therefore`
HTML named entity	`&there4;`
HTML decimal	`∴`
HTML hex	`∴`
CSS content code	`\2234`
JavaScript / JSON	`\u2234`
Windows Alt code	No standard Alt code — copy it from the card above
LaTeX	`\therefore`

Therefore Symbol variants (3)

3 related glyphs — click any tile to copy it. Tiles with a page open that symbol's own page.

∵Because∷Proportion∶Ratio

Meaning & usage

The therefore sign (∴) is three dots in a triangle, maths and logic shorthand for 'therefore' or 'consequently': it ends a chain of reasoning with a flourish. Its upside-down twin ∵ means 'because'. Both save writers from spelling the words out in proofs.

Examples in use

Copy ∴ into a post, document or message

How to type the therefore symbol

Windows

There is no Alt code or direct key for ∴. In Microsoft Word, type 2234 and press Alt+X to convert it. Everywhere else, click the Copy button at the top of this page and paste it (Ctrl+V) — that always works.

Mac

There is no Option-key shortcut for ∴ on a Mac. Open the Character Viewer with Control+Command+Space, search for "Therefore Symbol", and double-click to insert — or copy it from this page.

iPhone & Android

Most phone keyboards have no built-in key for ∴. Open this page on your phone, tap Copy, then paste it into your message or bio. (On Android, Gboard's emoji search finds some symbols by name.)

Linux

Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 2234 and press Enter (works in most GTK apps and terminals with IBus). Or copy it from this page.

Frequently asked questions

How do I copy the ∴ symbol?

Click the big ∴ in the card at the top of this page — it copies as a standard Unicode character (U+2234) and pastes anywhere.

How do I type ∴ on a keyboard?

There is no standard keyboard shortcut or Alt code for ∴. Copy it from this page, or in Microsoft Word type 2234 and press Alt+X.

Why does ∴ sometimes show as a box or question mark?

The box (called tofu) means the device or font viewing it has no drawing for U+2234 (Therefore). The character itself is fine — try a different font or a newer device, or use one of the variants on this page.

Is the Therefore Symbol free to use?

Yes. ∴ is a standard Unicode text character published in the Unicode Character Database. You may use it in personal and commercial documents, designs and products without permission or payment.

Related symbols

=Equals Sign ≈Approximately Equal